Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is divided into several subtypes, each with a distinct pattern of symptoms. The most common types are bipolar I and bipolar II disorders. The symptoms can vary from person to person, and they can change over time. However, common symptoms of bipolar disorder are:

• Manic phase symptoms: Increased energy, euphoria, reduced need for sleep, racing thoughts, fast talking, impulsiveness, restlessness, reckless behaviour, and poor decision-making.
• Depressive phase symptoms: Sadness, hopelessness, feeling worthless, fatigue, decreased energy, difficulty concentrating, changes in appetite, and thoughts of suicide or death.

Diagnosis

Bipolar disorder is typically diagnosed by a psychiatristspsychiatrist or psychologist who will conduct a detailed psychological evaluation.

The diagnosis may include a physical examination, personal interview, lab tests, and a review of your medical history. The mental health professional will use the diagnostic criteria from the DSM-5 to make an accurate diagnosis. The criteria include the severity and length of the mood episodes and the presence of other symptoms.

Treatments

Bipolar disorder is a lifelong illness and there's no definitive cure. However, with appropriate treatment and support, the symptoms can be effectively managed. The primary treatments for bipolar disorder include:

• Medications: Mood stabilisers, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and anti-anxiety drugs can help control bipolar disorder symptoms. Each type of medication is used to address different symptom aspects, so a person might require more than one drug.
• Psychotherapy: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, family-focused therapy, and psychoeducation can be beneficial. Therapy can provide support, education, and guidance to people with bipolar disorder and their families.
• Lifestyle modifications: Regular exercise, adequate sleep, a healthy diet, and avoiding alcohol, caffeine, and illicit drugs, which can trigger mood episodes or interfere with medications, can help manage symptoms.

Self-help Tips for Managing Bipolar Disorder

While medication and therapy are essential to control bipolar disorder, there are also many things you can do to help manage your symptoms:

Stick to a routine

Having a regular routine for meals, medications, physical activity, and sleep can help manage mood swings.

Stay active

Regular pysical activity can help reduce symptoms of depression and improve sleep and mood.

Maintain a healthy diet

Eating a balanced diet can help maintain energy levels and prevent mood swings.

Avoid alcohol and drugs

Alcohol and drugs can interfere with medications for bipolar disorder and trigger mood episodes.

Practice mindfulness

Techniques like meditation, yoga, and Mindfulness help reduce stress and promote relaxation.

Remember, bipolar disorder is a serious but treatable mental health disorder. If you believe you or a loved one may be suffering from this condition, it is crucial to seek help from a mental health professional.