Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
This is what people typically think of when they refer to depression. It involves persistent and severe symptoms like low mood, loss of interest or pleasure, changes in appetite or weight, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and feelings of worthlessness or guilt.
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
This is a chronic form of depression characterised by a long-lasting low mood (at least two years). Symptoms may not be as severe as MDD but can still significantly affect daily life.
Bipolar Disorder
While primarily known for manic episodes, bipolar disorder also includes depressive episodes. Individuals with bipolar disorder experience periods of intense sadness (depressive episodes) alternating with periods of high energy and mood (manic episodes).
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Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
This type of depression occurs seasonally, typically in the winter months when there's less natural sunlight. Symptoms include low energy, oversleeping, weight gain, and social withdrawal.
What Is SADs
Psychotic Depression
In addition to typical depressive symptoms, individuals with psychotic depression experience delusions or hallucinations. These can be related to feelings of guilt, poverty, or illness.
Postpartum Depression
New mothers may experience this type of depression after childbirth. It includes symptoms like sadness, anxiety, and exhaustion and can interfere with bonding with the baby.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
This is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) that involves significant mood disturbances, such as depression and irritability, in the days before menstruation.
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)
This is typically diagnosed in children and adolescents who have severe temper outbursts and a consistently irritable or angry mood. It can lead to significant impairment in social, academic, and family functioning.
Atypical Depression
This type of depression includes symptoms like increased appetite, weight gain, oversleeping, and a heavy feeling in the arms or legs. People with atypical depression may be more reactive to positive life events compared to other forms of depression.
Popular Claims About Depression
Understanding what truly helps or worsens depression is crucial for effective management. Here are some popular claims about remedies and practices believed to affect depression, and whether these claims are fact or false.
- Depression is just sadness
- You can "snap out of it."
- Only weak people get depressed.
- Depression is a serious mental health condition
- Depression is not a choice or a lack of willpower; it often requires professional treatment and support.
- Depression can affect anyone, regardless of strength, success, or resilience.
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