What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?
ASD is a developmental condition that affects how individuals interact, communicate, and behave. Unlike other mental health conditions, ASD is not a 'one-size-fits-all' kind of thing. It presents itself in various ways, affecting each person differently.
A Glimpse Into the History of ASD
The word "autism" comes from the Greek word "autos," meaning "self." The term was first coined in 1911 to describe patients who seemed engrossed in their own worlds.
Over the years, our understanding of ASD has evolved significantly, and so has the way we approach it. With advances in medical science, we've moved away from stigmatising labels and moved towards a more inclusive and understanding perspective.
The Autism Spectrum: An Umbrella Term
ASD is often described as an 'umbrella term.' This means it covers a range of conditions, including:
Asperger's Syndrome
Typically involves difficulty with social interactions but not necessarily intellectual or language deficits.
Childhood Dis-integrative Disorder
Characterised by a marked regression in multiple areas of functioning after a period of normal development.
Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)
This category is for individuals who display some autistic behaviours but don't meet the full criteria for specific disorders.
Recognising ASD
Identifying ASD can be a bit tricky because the symptoms manifest differently in everyone. That said, some common signs might include challenges in social interaction, difficulties with verbal and non-verbal communication, and repetitive behaviours.
Related Conditions That Often Co-Occur
If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with ASD, it's worth being aware of other conditions that can sometimes go hand-in-hand. These aren't part of ASD itself but are often found alongside it.
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)
This is an eating disorder that can show up alongside ASD. Unlike other eating disorders, ARFID isn't driven by concerns about body image. Instead, the person may have very specific food preferences, textures they can't handle, or a deep-rooted fear of choking or vomiting.
Explore Eating DisordersAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
While ADHD is a separate condition with its own set of diagnostic criteria, it's not uncommon for individuals with ASD to also display symptoms of ADHD, like difficulties with attention span, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.
What Is ADHD?Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety is another condition that's often reported in individuals with ASD. It can manifest as generalised anxiety, social anxiety, or specific phobias, among other forms.
Disorder Anxiety DisordersSleep Disorders
Many people with ASD experience irregular sleep patterns or insomnia. The relationship between ASD and sleep is complex and not fully understood, but it's a common co-occurring condition.
Learn More About SleepSensory Processing Disorder
This involves the brain's struggle to make sense of sensory information, affecting how a person responds to things like touch, taste, and sound. Although not everyone with ASD has sensory processing issues, there is a notable overlap.
More About The Brain