Major Categories of Side Effects
- Antimuscarinic Effects : Caused by changes in acetylcholine levels, these include blurry vision, constipation, and difficulty urinating.
- Urinary Issues : Some people experience bed-wetting as a side effect.
- Blood-Related Complications : Includes conditions like agranulocytosis and blood clotting issues.
- Temperature Fluctuations : Antipsychotics may disrupt body temperature regulation.
- Emotional Imbalances : These range from feelings of anxiety and depression to aggression and restlessness.
- Visual Complications : Issues may range from blurred vision to glaucoma and retinal degeneration.
- Cardiac Concerns : Elevated heart rates and palpitations are possible side effects.
- Liver Issues : Some antipsychotics are linked to liver disorders and jaundice.
- Metabolic Changes : This category includes symptoms like weight gain, elevated blood sugar, and high cholesterol, collectively termed as metabolic syndrome.
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) : A rare but serious neurological disorder.
- Movement Disorders : These effects mimic Parkinson's disease and may include tremors and rigidity.
- Drowsiness : Sedation or sleepiness is a commonly reported side effect.
- Convulsive Episodes : Seizures or fits are also potential side effects.
Detailed Side Effects
Antimuscarinic Effects
A change in acetylcholine levels can lead to symptoms such as dry mouth, drowsiness, and erectile dysfunction. These effects can also be caused by other medications like tricyclic antidepressants.
Blood Disorders
Conditions like agranulocytosis can be life-threatening and make you more susceptible to infections. Blood tests are recommended, especially if you're taking medications like clozapine.
Metabolic Changes
An unhealthy lifestyle can compound the risk of developing conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and stroke when you're on antipsychotic medication.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)
NMS symptoms range from high temperature and tremors to rapid heartbeat and altered consciousness. Immediate medical attention is crucial.
Movement Disorders
Antipsychotics may interfere with dopamine, leading to movement disorders similar to Parkinson's disease, known as Parkinsonism.
Sedation
Daytime drowsiness is common with some antipsychotics, making it difficult to function normally.
If you experience any of these side effects, consult your healthcare provider for advice and alternative treatment options.
Remember, side effects can vary greatly depending on the individual and the specific medication. Always consult your doctor for personalised advice.