What is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, commonly known as OCD, is a mental health condition distinguished by two main components : obsessions and compulsions.
Obsessions are recurring, intrusive thoughts, images, or urges that generate significant distress or anxiety.
Compulsions are behaviours or mental acts performed to reduce the distress associated with these obsessions or to prevent a feared event or situation. These compulsive acts, however, often provide only temporary relief and may not correlate realistically with the obsession.
Symptoms
OCD is characterised by distressing, intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviours or mental acts.
Obsessive Symptoms:
- Constant, intrusive and unwanted thoughts
- Fears of germs or contamination
- Unwanted taboo thoughts about harm or sex
- Need for symmetry or exactness
Compulsive Symptoms:
- Excessive cleaning or handwashing
- Ordering items in a precise way
- Repeatedly checking on things
- Compulsive counting
Causes
The exact causes of OCD aren't fully understood, but it's believed to result from a blend of genetic, neurological, behavioural, cognitive, and environmental factors. A traumatic event may trigger the disorder in some cases.
Diagnosis
OCD is diagnosed using the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). This typically involves a thorough evaluation by a mental health professional, looking for presence of obsessions, compulsions or both.
Treatment
OCD can be a chronic disorder, but treatment can help manage symptoms.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
CBT particularly exposure and response prevention, is effective for many people with OCD.
Medication
medication, including certain types of antidepressants, can help manage symptoms. It might take some time to discover the most effective medication and dosage.
Relaxation Techniques
relaxation techniques can help reduce anxiety and improve well-being, aiding in the reduction of OCD symptoms.
Living with OCD
While OCD can be challenging, with the right support and treatment, individuals can lead a balanced life. Continual self-awareness, therapy, and sometimes medication play crucial roles in managing the disorder.