Symptoms
People with panic disorder may have sudden and repeated panic attacks, which are typically characterised by a fear of disaster or of losing control even when there is no real danger.
A person may also have a strong physical reaction during a panic attack. It may feel like having a heart attack. Panic attacks can occur at any time, and many people with panic disorder worry about and dread the possibility of having another attack.
Common symptoms of a panic attack include:
- Pounding heart or chest pain.
- Sweating, trembling, or shaking.
- Feeling of shortness of breath or suffocation.
- Feeling of impending doom or danger.
- Feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faint.
Causes & Risk Factors
As with most other mental health conditions, panic disorder is likely caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Certain changes in the way parts of your brain function can also play a role. Stress and a history of physical or sexual abuse in childhood have been linked to panic disorder, too.
Diagnosing
To diagnose panic disorder, your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and medical history. They might also perform a physical exam to rule out other conditions that might be causing your symptoms. In some cases, you might be referred to a mental health specialist for further evaluation.
Treatment
The main treatment options for panic disorder are psychotherapy (also known as talk therapy), medications, or both. Depending on your preference, you might decide to pursue one of these treatment approaches or a combination of them.
Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is considered highly effective for treating panic disorder. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), in particular, can help you learn through your own experience that panic symptoms are not dangerous. Your therapist will help you gradually recreate the symptoms of a panic attack in a safe, repetitive manner. Once the physical sensations of panic no longer feel threatening, the attacks begin to resolve.
Medications can also be used to help reduce symptoms of panic attacks and help you manage your anxiety. These might include antidepressants, anti-anxiety drugs, and certain types of heart medication.
Living with Panic Disorder
Living with panic disorder can be challenging, but with treatment, many people can manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life. Lifestyle changes like reducing caffeine, regular physical activity, and getting enough sleep can also help reduce symptoms.