The exact origins of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remain elusive, although it's believed that a mixture of elements contributes to its development.
Genetic Factors
ADHD frequently appears in family lines, suggesting a significant genetic component. If a family member has ADHD, the likelihood of other relatives having it is higher.
The genetic inheritance of ADHD appears to be multifaceted and isn't linked to a singular genetic anomaly.
Brain Anatomy and Functioning
Various studies have pinpointed potential disparities in the brain structure of individuals with ADHD compared to those without. However, the precise implications of these differences remain undetermined.
For instance, brain imaging studies imply that specific brain regions may be diminished in size in people with ADHD, while others could be enlarged. [Source]
Additional research proposes that an imbalance or dysfunction in neurotransmitter levels could be at play in those with ADHD. [Source]
Risk Groups
Certain demographics are considered more susceptible to developing ADHD. These include individuals :
- born prematurely (prior to the 37th week of gestation) or with a low birth weight
- diagnosed with epilepsy
- who've sustained brain injuries, either prenatally or due to severe head trauma later in life.